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Hop (Humulus lupulus) is a perennial plant that is used largely as a flavoring in the production of beer. The hop plant is cultivated as a vine that grows around a physical support and produces shoots, heart shaped dark green leaves, fresh cones and flowers that are borne on lateral branches. The cones and flowers are used to prepare hops which have a distinctive bitter taste, attributed to lupulin, an aromatic acid. Other components of hops include several flavonoids, phenolic acid, volatile oils, tannins and resins. Besides its wide use as a flavoring agent for food and beer, hops is used as an ingredient in many creams and lotions. Extracts of hops have been used in oral herbal medications predominantly as a sedative for anxiety, tension and difficulty sleeping. While widely used, it has not been proven to be effective either as a sedative or hypnotic. Hops is found in multiple over-the-counter herbal mixtures in combination with other agents such as chamomile, passion flower and valerian, used as sleeping aids or mild sedatives. Side effects are few, but may include drowsiness, dizziness and hypersensitivity reactions.
Hops is the common name of Humulus lupulus, a perennial vine cultivated for its female flower cones (strobiles) which are used as a bitter flavoring agent in beers. Hops has been traditionally used as an herbal remedy for insomnia, anxiety and mood disorders, digestive issues and many other ailments, although there is very little evidence to support any of these uses. The dried strobiles, extracts and tinctures are used medicinally and hops are also available in many other forms including beverages, tablets, capsules, creams, and gels.
Studies suggest hops may have sedative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, digestive, diuretic and estrogen-like properties. The pharmacological effects of hops are believed to be from the various bioactive compounds it contains, including lupulin, an aromatic acid, flavonoids such as xanthohumol, bitter resins, phenolic acids, volatile oils and tannins. Some lab studies showed that hops extract promoted the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter, which may explain its sedative property.
Although the major use of hops is in brewing beer, the various compounds in hops and their properties are still being studied for possible medicinal use. Hops is often combined with other herbs such as valerian, passionflower and chamomile for use as a mild sleeping aid. Suggested uses of hops include:
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* The statements in this section have not been evaluated by the FDA or EFSA.
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